
Jennifer Petersen
Why Freedom of Speech Is More Than Speech: Expressions in Media and Code
In the first decade of the twentieth century US courts first considered whether image and gesture in silent films should be protected as free speech. It would take decades for the evolving art form to be fully recognized as fitting within First Amendment rights. A century later, computer programs and algorithms are making their appearances in Freedom of Speech cases. How will our culture and the law move forward on the question of whether machine actions "speak"?